Smileys people, spy game

â€Å"In the world of espionage the value of trust Is paramount† represents a valid statement to an extent. The characters values and Ideologies are a reflection of the context of which they live. The novel Smiley people by John Lee Care, the movie Spy Game, directed by Tony Scott and the Interview Kim Billy's great betrayal presented by Phillip Adams represent this statement through different portrayals of the world of espionage. These three texts exhibit a power struggle between communist and western democratic societies, both very different political ideologies.The world of espionage is fraught with manipulation, betrayal and deceit and aiming to achieve the â€Å"greater good†. It is a world where its inhabitants will do anything – even if it means performing acts that are seen criminal by mainstream society – Just to complete a mission. It Is a world where information is gold and an important document Is worth more than a persons life. Trust sustains a relationship In the spy world, a relationship that allows communication and control of knowledge and power. The spy world demonstrates a context where trust Is a value, not valued by all who inhabit this world.For spies that â€Å"play the spy game† they have to have trust in those that control their missions and must have trust in themselves, to be able to get the job done. But for others such as defectors and double agents trust is tool used to get information and used to manipulate and gain power over the opposing side. A clash between the personal and the professional values is seen in Tony Scoots Spy Game, through the character of Tom Bishop. It is shown in the scene where Bishop must bring Schmidt across the border from east to west Germany. When Bishop andSchmidt realism that they will get killed if they attempt to cross the border, Schmidt pleads with Bishop to take him â€Å"But my wife, my kids†. When Schmidt says this we can see Bishops realization that Sc hmidt Is human and not just an expendable pawn, or an asset. This clash between the personal and professional values of Bishop challenges his moral outlook on life. However in order to stay alive and protect himself he must leave Schmidt, whys trust he has manipulated for use of his own organization and his own professional gain. Whilst having to trust someone who may be doing the same thing to him.The context has had an effect on the values of Bishop, his values compromised by the situation he has been placed in. The choice to leave Schmidt behind to die was not a choice that Bishop would have made on his own accord, yet he has had to. This is a direct result of his immediate context, which has forced a re-evaluation of his values. The value of trust one that all spies must have, has turned bishop against his personal humanity and has set him to achieve what Is seen as the greater good, to leave Schmidt because he Is less Important.The trust placed In agents to carry out the Nilsso n that they are assigned with Is a tepee for agencies to take in process of completing the mission. The agents who are to best that they should or mess it up completely, it is in these times that the value of trust is seen to be most paramount. An example in Tony Scoots Spy game is when Bishop is sent to manipulate the doctor to have the sheik assassinated however he let down Mir and he didn't get there in time so Mir had sent in a suicide bomber to blow the apartment building.Bishop had played on Emir's trust and let him down, after the explosion Bishop asks Mir if he's happy with the outcome â€Å"Seventy four casualties and an entire apartment block leveled, one dead terrorist. Yeah IM happy' is the reply from Mir. In this statement we can see the stark contrast in perspectives of success and the values required in order to obtain this success. Seventy four casualties for one terrorist is a high price to pay, but it shows that Mir is more about getting the Job done, and working for the greater good as he believes that their sacrifice is better than one terrorist living.Mir throughout the book is a representation of freedom pictured almost always with the American flag which is a presentation of the values upheld by the county and the values that he upholds within himself driving him to become better as a spy, the flag is a symbol of the trust placed in him by his superiors working in the CIA and other government organizations it is because of this trust and expectation that Mir pursues his missions to the fullest extend as he is not a person to those who trust in him down. George Smiley on the other hand, an old school spy born and raised in a democratic society.Stuck in his ways as a spy is more wary about who to trust. Smiley is enraged with the circus or MUM for breaking their promise to protect Vladimir. This trust that Smiley had placed in MUM, much like that of Mir in Bishop, is broken. Smiley must now take matters into his own hands not sure who to trust but close friends. To find the truth is what fuels Smiley search for the mystery behind the death of his old friend Vladimir. Smiley is a perfect representation of a mans internal struggle of conflicting values, and he must overcome the conflict to get to the bottom of the case an bring down Karl.The conflicting values is depicted in the quote â€Å"Wrestling with troubled dreams†. Smiley eventually through internal conflicts of morals and values rings down Karl. Smiley disregards this as a victory as he had compromised values precious to him, he sees the victory as double edged the fact he caught his man but had to give up who he is to do this his views on the sanctity of human life differ from those of Mir, Smiley is seen throughout the novel to try and save people like Castrato's and not to let them die.His use of manipulation and deceit was what had allowed him to get the information he needed, but has left him feeling dejected that his morals and values have become irrelevant in order to achieve the greater good. Deception is the way of the spy and most of them have used methods of this nature to obtain information and as a way of being able to use people we see this in the interview â€Å"Elliot deceived by Kim Philly' Elliot was one of Philips friends inside MUM and the trust that he showed in Philly was the weak link in the relationship.Although some spies might consider the morals behind their actions on the other end of the scale there are those that don't have moral and will use trust for their own gain and take advantage of those closest to them. These are the people that totally n the novel Smiley People would be something along the lines of a evil master mind set to take smiley out at all costs. Karl however isn't, he has mixed his personal with professional because of the love for his daughter.Trust in the spy world is complicated due to the fact that everything is to be kept secret from each other, so how are you supposed to trust someone whilst they aren't telling you everything that they know. This is where trust comes into play, to be able to trust someone and their Judgment of what is right whilst figuring out for themselves what their values and morals say is right is what the fullest extend of the rust in the world of espionage.Trust in the spy world isn't at a constant in different contexts, situations, different people and agents will all see trust in a different light, and of different importance. Trust is what keeps agents alive to able to trust yourself at any time to do what is best for those around you and to trust those around you that they have your back. Yet there is no difference in those fighting and working for the greater good and those working against trust is recognized as a necessity and a value needed to be able to compete in the spy game.

Bathroom and Rituals

Nacirema HR 582 Managing Global Diversity Patsy A. Shepherd March 22, 2012 In Body Ritual Among the Nacirema, Horace Miner writes about the strange rituals that people do in America. While reading the story I was almost fooled, but as read further I realized the spoof of Nacirema; Nacirema is American spelled backwards and the references in the myth are the backward strange American everyday rituals. Miner’s word usage made it obvious it was just a myth, words like magical, fascination, bewitched, and mythology gave it away.Miner portrays Americans as a tribe that go through their daily life by performing painful and needed rituals to their bodies. It is not obvious at the beginning of the case study that the tribe Miner is talking about is American people. The rituals they perform mainly focus on the human body, and if Americans skip these rituals we will have a nasty society of individuals. (Miner disguises the bathroom as a cleaning shrine, the medicine chest as the major d evice in the shrine and the hair on a stick as a toothbrush.He describes the shrine as a private and secret place where cleansing and makeup rituals take place. The box and the chest have charms and potions from the medicine men). Harvey, C & Allard, J (2005) Understanding and Managing Diversity: readings, cases and exercises Pearson Prentice Hall 4th edition p. 19 Rituals are ceremonies and most rituals have a purpose. In my observation of Nacirema I want to know why the tribe conducts these types’ rituals. How are the rituals performed? Where are the rituals performed?Tribal rituals play a large part of everyday life in the Nacirema and American culture. Rituals are what we do on a regular basis, repeated over time; that which bring people together; shared beliefs; and loyalty. Many of the events that occur in day to day life in Nacirema are just past down customs, rituals, and beliefs. Many of our customs are a belief system past down from generation to generation. So thei r customs, rituals, and beliefs, are their basis of structure for their entire village, and society. We can’t live without customs, rituals, and beliefs.Without customs, beliefs, and rituals, the people of Nacirema have no explanation for living, or being on Earth. Without customs, there is no reason for doing anything we do. Customs stem from our beliefs, so we have to believe in something. While spending time in Nacirema I realized we have some of the same customs and beliefs. Nacirema’s shrine with a box or chest in the wall is just a bathroom with a medicine cabinet. Small bundles of hog hairs and certain magical powers are simply toothbrushes and toothpaste. Holy Mouth Men are Dentist.Highly formalized series of gestures is the art of brushing teeth. The box and the chest have charms and potions from the medicine men are doctors writing the prescriptions we keep in our medicine cabinets. During my fieldwork in Nacirema from December 2011 to February 2012, I concen trated on investigating the main principles governing Nacirema’s culture. I did my research before arriving in the village, so I didn’t quite know what to expect. I was quite anxious so I interviewed the tribe individually, I asked each individual to tell me what happens in Nacirema on a typical day?How do you feel about me being here? What can you tell me about how Nacirema developed? What do you think should be different, if anything? Also give me just a little background on Nacirema as far as government policies, tourism, business opportunities, and brief me on customs. After my interview session, I learned that these crude rituals are just a sequence of daily activities involving gestures, words, and objects, performed on a daily basis. These daily activities are no different from the daily activities that individuals in America perform on a daily basis.Most individuals spend a lot of time in the bathroom bathing, brushing their teeth, applying makeup, and combing their hair. Would this be considered a ritual? Of course not to me or you it’s just our daily routine. This routine was passed down from my parents to me and to my children the art of hygiene. My three months of fieldwork in Nacirema was no different from my day to day in America, I actually over stayed my welcome, but I didn't want to rush my process. I wanted my evaluations to be honest and I also didn’t want my personal opinions or issues to cloud my judgment.In conclusion I found that Nacirema myths are truths in America. (Notgnishaw, the Pa-To-Mac, and the cherry tree with the Spirit of Truth mean America lies between Canada and Mexico. The Ancient Code/Secret Language true meaning refers to the joke that a doctor’s handwriting is illegible, particularly on prescriptions. An Herbalist is just a Pharmacist. Ritual ablution of the mouth for children true meaning describes cleaning their mouths out with soap if they say something wrong. Men scraping and lacera ting the surface of the face with a sharp instrument is shaving.Women bake their heads in small ovens for about an hour is an old-fashioned hair dryer at a beauty salon. Latipsoh true meaning is a hospital. Thaumaturge and group of vestal maidens are Doctor and nurses. A magic wand in the supplicant’s mouth is a Thermometer. A listener is the local Psychologist. The sociological standpoint is that culture is based on rituals and that each culture defines its reality and acceptable behavior and chooses its authorities by rituals). Miner, Horace â€Å"Body Ritual Among the Nacirema†. Retrieved from http://www. westminster. edu/staff/brennie/wpgroup4/brotn. html on March 20, 2012

How can we protect our natural environment? Essay

The environment is our planet. It provides us with natural resources that are used for everything. It needs to be protected and so future generations can leave with no environmental problems as we are facing nowadays. Some countries develop with sustainability, this means that hey use the resources tht the planet provides in an efficient way so future generations can use them. To begin with, we can protect our natural environment by doing simple things that everyone can do. For example we can protect the environment by using the less we can the electricity, or by not throwing the garbage to the floor, instead yo toss it in the trash can , we can also recycle. Using public transports is another way to protect the planet, this is because there are less cars used and this causes less polution. Industries are trying to use there resources in an efficient way and ussing alternative sources of energy to cause less polution. Moreover there are three R’s that will make us protect our planet. This three words are very important: recycle, reuse and renewable. Recycle means to use already used products to make new ones so they do not produce more and use more natural resources. For example the empty bottel of a coke, they refill the empty glass bottel so they do not produce more bottles. Reuse is bonded to recycle is means to use again like the coke i just mentioned. Last is renewable it is about using a product that has not one use, it can be used as many times as you want. For example instead of using plastic glasses you use a normal glass, beacuase you use it, then you wash it and then you can use it again. Last but not least another way to protect our environment are the alternative sources of energy. Most of the planet’s energy produced is nuclear or with coal. Studies are being made and some are used nowadays of these alternative sources of energy that are renewable. For example the energy is produced by using the ocean, the wind, the heat of the inner core of the planet or the sun. Nations are being encouraged to develop this alternative sources of energy to cause less polution and protect our planet. They are not used very much nowadays because as there is not enough research this alternative sources of energy are not cheap and they do not produce the same amount of energy as the non-renewable sources. To sum up we can protect our environment in lots of ways. From a simple thing that anybody can do to something that an entire nation can do. What we can say is that it does not matter how little the help is , it helps although you think is does not. Using these advices we can protect are planet so future generations can use it and it’s resources. It is vital that we protect our environment and it is probed that we can do something a bout it.

U.S. Customs and Border Patrol's Role in Information Security Essay

U.S. Customs and Border Patrol's Role in Information Security - Essay Example   Since a long time the Congress has identified that there is a requirement of a border security system which would gather data regarding the overseas citizens coming in and out of the United States and which would also recognize the persons who are overstaying their visits. In 1996 there was the implementation of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (Newton, 2008) in the United States which was one of the legislative attempts for the creation of an entry-exit control mechanism which were to be used for recording and matching entries and exits of the overseas citizens who travelled to the United States. One of the requirements of this act is to see that there is integration by the entry-exit system of the foreign entries and exit data that is recorded in the databases of the Department of Justice and State Department. Following the attacks of 9/11, there have been more laws addressing the use of biometric technology within a foreign arrival departure control mechanism. For instance, there is the USA Patriot Act (Scheppler, 2005) which authorizes that such a mechanism should have the ability of interfacing with other law enforcement associations, and also that the system makes use of biometric technology and files which are tamper-resistant. Other than this, there is a requirement by the Aviation and Transport Security Act for the airplanes to electronically transfer apparent data for each of the intercontinental flight passengers and the crew members to the Commissioner of Customs prior to the plane landing at an airport in the United States. Additionally, there is the Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act which has the requirement of using biometrics in the files for traveling and this act expands the passenger entry apparent needs in the Aviation and Transportation Security Act to t he ships as well as to the air and sea exits.   

Hyundai and Hankook Manufacturing Companies Essay

Hyundai and Hankook Manufacturing Companies - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that competition is a common factor that every company faces at every level of operation. In order to strengthen competitive power, motor companies and auto-related products tend to employ unique technologies that can enable them to survive in the market. Some have also relied upon their specific governments to protect them from competition caused by new entrants. The Hyundai motor company is one of the companies that face competition from other auto manufacturers. Hankook is also an example of a universally known company dealing with auto-related products like tires and spare parts. Hyundai Motor Company came into existence in 1968. Upon its establishment, the company merged with Ford Motor Company with the aim of filtering technology for building ships. Upon parting ways with Ford motor company, Hyundai Motors collaborated with the Mitsubishi motor company of Japan that helped in the manufacture of Pony, the first small passenger car with an engine power of 1500cc. In the reports of Lansbury, the success of the Pony model in the markets of Korea lifted the position of Hyundai Motor Company to the best position among other motor manufacturers in Korea. The impressive performance of Pony in the market motivated further innovation that led to the manufacture of Pony II version in 1973. Good features associated with the Pony model enabled Hyundai to penetrate the Canadian market, where it made high sales. With the continued partnership of Mitsubishi and Hyundai, Hyundai produced other stellar, a new model with the brand name of engine power 1597cc in 1982. In 1985, Hyundai Motors released the Sonata model with an engine power of 2000cc and later in 1990 the company produced Elantra model that had an engine power of 1800cc. According to Lansbury, the impressive features of the excel model enabled Hyundai motors to penetrate and market its cars in America by 1986. The performance of Excel in the America n market made Hyundai Motors to clinch position three among the best performing foreign companies in America. The partnership between Hyundai motors and Mitsubishi Motors provided Hyundai with the more technological know-how that assisted Hyundai to increase the rate and volume of production thus keeping the company top of other car manufacturers in Korea. In the view of Lansbury, the association with Mitsubishi enabled Hyundai motors to gather managerial skills that helped in boosting production volumes.

Corporate brands building of SMEs in B 2 B environment in UK Dissertation

Corporate brands building of SMEs in B 2 B environment in UK - Dissertation Example One of the most valuable assets of a company is corporate branding. Consumers need to believe in brand and put their trust in it. Furthermore, the importance of corporate brands increases in corporate marketing and small industries. These industries rely on few investors and customers. Since the revenue is low compared to bigger MNCs (Multinational Corporations) they need to build their corporate brand in order to remain trustworthy and thrive in the market (Inskip, 2004). There are various factors which can be attributed towards the importance of corporate branding. Corporate branding provides an identity to the business; logo and slogans becomes the face of a business and a representation of the business’s image (Bernstein, 2003). Strategic corporate branding also means better customer relationship and increased trustworthiness. Apart from that, strong corporate brands also come across as polished, professional and successful entities. It sends signs of high value and qualit y. SMEs provide employment opportunities as well as drive competition and innovation in many sectors. Also known as micro enterprise, these SMEs are growing in a fast pace in United Kingdom. According to reports by Federation of Small Businesses (2012), the average number of businesses in UK has crossed 5 million markets and out of them around 99.9 percent are SMEs. SMEs have been employing more than 14 million people and the combined turnover for the year 2012 was 1500 billion Euros. From the above statistics it is clear that SMEs have been playing an important role in overall business environment in United Kingdom.Thus, they are the backbone of economy in United Kingdom. Thus, it is extremely important that the steady growth of the businesses is maintained. The influence of internal and external forces is much more pronounced in SMEs compared to bigger companies (Davies and Chun, 2002). These include customer markets, business infrastructure and company characteristics. However, i n case of small companies the influence of business managers is much more than bigger organizations. Similarly, the distribution of finances, external shareholder categories and investor management are different in small and bigger enterprises. Small enterprises work as a much closer environment. Thus, it can be said that the policies and marketing campaigns followed by bigger organization might not work for SMEs brand building (Berthon, Ewing and Napoli, 2008). Comparing with consumers, B2B companies have their own decision making process and purchasing habits. In terms of their purchasing decisions which are depended on facts and needs, the world of B2B products is seen as more complex.The reason why B2B companies prefer to corporate brands rather product brands and the dynamic environments (competitive advantages and product innovations) will be discussed. This makes an interesting and insightful topic for further research and development. Chapter 2: Outline of the Research Probl em The research deals with marketing and brand building of corporate SMEs in B2B

Material Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Material Science - Essay Example Graphene is another example of a nano-structural material that is being used in the optic and electronic industry, due to its high energy capacity and also the high rate of charge. Scanning probe microscope works through the use of a physical probe that scans specimens and then provides the recorded data that is depicted in the form of a heat map that takes either an orange or a black and white image. Shear stress refers to the force that pushes particles within a liquid, gaseous or solid material in the direction that is parallel to the surface/plane. On the other hand, tensile stress refers to the forces that push a particle on to the other from varied directions. Compressive stress refers to the forces in the materials that push the material particles against one another. A phase diagram offers information related to the structure of a material through graphic presentation, which indicates the relationship between solid, liquids and gaseous state of a material when the material is heat-treated. It offers information regarding at which heat-point the solid state of material changes to liquid, and at which heat-point the liquid changes into gas. Annealing refers to the heat treatment of a material such that it increases its ductility and becomes more workable. Quenching refers to the rapid cooling of a material through immersion into a liquid such as oil or water, to form a certain material property that is activatable in different material states. Austenitizing refers to the heat-treatment of material such that it attains certain hardening characteristic when it is cooled down through quenching. Normalizing is a heat-treatment method for materials that softens the materials without producing the uniformity of the material property. Collision occurs on the event of two signals being sent through the same channel of transmission, such that the signals collide with each other. Packet collision is a form of

Prospective Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prospective Analysis - Assignment Example The random walk model outlines that the stock price or earnings change have same distributions and are independent of each other thus past movements of stock price or earnings cannot be used to predict the future stock price movement. I disagree with John’s forecast strategy since the assumption of unchanging mean and variance is debatable. b. A merger or acquisition is will increase the future net income due to higher sales growth and more revenue generation from the acquisition. The merger or acquisition will reduce competition thus enhance the future net income. The best model that describes a better pattern of the earnings per share is the mean-reversion model since competition in the market will drive abnormal levels of profits to mean while reinvestment of the earnings will likely earn more levels of earnings. According to many analysts, the Earnings Factory is a ‘darling’ of the ASX. Its current market price $ 15 per share and its book value is $ 5 per share. Analysts forecast that the organisation’s book value will grow by 10 per cent per year indefinitely and the cost of equity is 15 per cent. The market’s expectation of the organisation’s long-term average ROE is calculated as follows; Companies with a high ROE can have a low PE ratio when the investors expect the firm will continue generate positive abnormal ROEs. The PE ratio is the market price per share divided by the earnings per

Social Worker Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Worker Skills - Essay Example As the report declares self-awareness is major requisite for every individual. People who are successful in their occupations know themselves. Successful people recognize their own abilities and their areas of weakness. Successful people are also self-confident. Because they see themselves as capable people, able to do a number of things well, employers and co-workers also tend to see them in this way. This paper stresses that social work is emotionally and intellectually demanding and being comfortable with oneself is vital in order to deal with clients. In this field, they will encounter more individuals who are stressed and often act as sounding boards and shock absorbers. It is imperative that the social worker is able to understand what creates stress for them and develop means of reducing stress where they can. This involves self- assessments of their own physical and mental health, and establishing a lifestyle that promotes their personal well-being. Part of this process is to understand one's own personality characteristics. This would enable the workers to conduct a personal self-assessment and determine how their own identities, beliefs and prejudices may affect their social work practice. The social worker must know how his/her values, attitudes, beliefs, emotions and experiences and how they cloud her judgement of his/her thinking, behaviour and relationships. The worker must be retrospectively be willing to examine and amend her attitude if it will be an impediment to effectively getting the job done.

Analysing Sport & Events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysing Sport & Events - Essay Example Finally, it provides a detailed examination of the key findings in each article and evaluates the findings whether they agree and the implications of such findings. The articles cover broadly the importance roles played by sponsorship as an activity for the firms to gain and develop the sustainable relative advantage in the target market and provide the theoretical framework based on the sports sponsorship. Amis, Pant, and Slack provide a theoretical framework for understanding the idea of the sport sponsorship; they explain the application of the sponsorship approach and demonstrates the insight illustrated cases that are used to identify the salient facts and the characteristic that are in agreement. The central concepts that are discussed are heterogeneity, imperfect imitability, imperfect mobility, ex-ante limits to competition and their application of the framework to examine the major sponsorships (Amis, Pant & Slack, 1997). In addition, exponential growth accruals, development of sponsorship-linked marketing and RBV of the firm (Fahy, Ferrelly & Quester, 2004) and sponsorship as a resource as well as distinctive competencies ( Amis, Slack & Berrett, 1999). The insubstantial nature of the sponsorship value which emphasize on the ability to generate importance from the relationship in terms of management of the sponsorship (Farrelly, Quester &Buron , 2006). Heterogeneity occurs when the high numbers and the combination of the resources that are at the disposal of the firms render exact replication of the available resources. Besides that, it occurs in the case in which the firms use the differing routines and procedural steps to carry and perform the same task basing their direct consequences on the unique histories that dictate them to institutionalize. This allows particular organizations to produce the same products and the services at a relatively lower cost as compared to others that produce the same products and services

How HIPAA Violations Affect the Medical Billing Process Essay Example for Free

How HIPAA Violations Affect the Medical Billing Process Essay When you hear HIV you always think of Aids are they the same or is there a difference. HIPAA Privacy Rule: HIPAA is a federal law that: †¢Protects the patients’ privacy with their medical records and other health information provided to health plans, hospital, doctors and all other health care providers. †¢Allows the patient access to their medical records. †¢It gives the patient rights to how their personal information is used and exposed. HIPAA has proven to be very successful in stopping discrimination against the people diagnosed with HIV and Aids by preventing anyone from knowing about their HIV and Aids status. In the year 2000 laboratories and doctors are required by law to report to their State Health Department all cases of HIV and Aids. They are reported to better measure the HIV and Aids epidemic, and how it is changing and to create programs for HIV and Aids prevention and offer medical which best serve affected people and their communities. All this information is protected by confidentiality laws. Under this law identifying information regarding who has HIV and Aids can only be used to help the State Health Department track the epidemic and for partner notification this information cannot be shared with immigration and naturalization Service (INS), police, welfare agencies, landlords, employers and insurance companies. The National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issues guidelines influencing states to collect and report the data on HIV and Aids so they can track the epidemic on a national basis. The state health department will then remove all the personal information (name, address, etc.) from your test results and send the information to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Over the next several years HIV and Aids data will become the basis for funding formulas which will allocate federal money for care treatment under The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act.  This is the largest federally funded program in the United States for people living with HIV and AIDS. This act reaches hundreds of thousands of people every year with medical care, drugs, and support services. The program requires that health departments receiving money from the Ryan White program show â€Å"good faith† efforts to notify the marriage partners of a patient with HIV and AIDS. (www.Aids.gov) HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the T-cells in the immune system. This illness changes their immune system making people very vulnerable to diseases and infections. This condition worsens as it progresses corresponding to research the origins to this disease dates back to the late 19th or early 20th century in Western Central Africa. In 2008 worldwide there were †¢33.4 million People living with HIV and AIDS. †¢2.7 new HIV infections †¢2 million deaths from AIDS The disease was identified in the 1980s, and there is now known cure, but treatments and medicine can slow the course of the disease. The newest drug combination drug therapy can cost up to $20,000 in U.S. dollars a year. HIV is found in body fluids like semen and vaginal fluids, blood and breast mild. And can be passed through blood-to-blood and also sexual contact. Women can pass this to their babies through pregnancy, childbirth, and through breast milk. AIDS is (acquired immune deficiency syndrome or immunodeficiency syndrome). AIDS is the disease caused by the HIV virus AIDS is the syndrome that appear in the advance stages of HIV infection, AIDS is a medical condition derived from HIV. HIV and AIDS are the same AIDS is the outdated name and HIV is the correct name. There are three recognized ethical principles that apply to clinical and research ethics: †¢Respect refers to respecting the decisions of autonomous people and protecting the ones who lack decision making capacity and therefore are not autonomous and imposes a positive obligation to treat people with respect by keeping this information confident and keeping promises. †¢Beneficence imposes a positive obligation of the best interest of the patient. †¢Justice requires people to be treated fairly and often requires that benefits and burdens to be distributed fairly within society. Privacy is critical  when it comes to HIV and AIDS, because of the sensitivity of HIV related information most patients don’t want to share this private and personal aspect of their life because it involves their sexual behavior or substance abuse. This information can lead to stigmatization this can cause patients to worry about their privacy being protected, and they may be hesitant to see a doctor or remain in the care of a physician. It is vital to have health care providers express that they are committed to securing patient privacy. The law gives certain protection to or conditions. Electronic systems need to be able to identify and manage this data appropriately. HIV and AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases are a whole different category with special privacy concerns. When releasing HIV and AIDS records for other purposes it is necessary to identify testing and treatment for these conditions through the use of red flags or warning messages. The electronic system simplifies exclusion or segregation of HIV test results to protect against release without patients proper consent from the patient. Preferably a system will also flag treatment of HIV and Aids when producing copies of records. EHR systems must provide mechanisms that enable facilities that extra layer of protection for this information required under 42 CFR, Part 2 requires patient consent for disclosures of protected health information even for the purpose of treatment this consent must be in writing. When a health care provider providers care to an HIV and AIDS patient they seem to be walking and ethical tightrope even when they are aware of protocol about disclosing HIV status simple assumptions and carelessness can lead to devastating consequences for the patient and also legal ramifications. There are some things a health care worker can do on their own to protect private information while at work. †¢Turn off your computer when you walk away or not in use. †¢Set your computer with passwords to get access to confidential files. †¢Use a system that will trace who accesses confidential informatio n. †¢Become familiar with the law train employees in proper disclosure protocol. †¢Never discusses a patients HIV and AIDS status. Social ramifications exist if HIV and AIDS information is announced improperly. If a patients friends discover he or she has HIV and AIDS they won’t want to be around them due to the fear of catching the disease people  will start to gossip spreading this private information destructing the life of the infected person. They will undoubtedly be treated differently. He or she could have difficulty finding employment if the employer finds out about the disease because of inappropriate disclosure of medical information. If a person is living with HIV and Aids you are protected against discrimination under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation act of 1973 and Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). Under these laws, discrimination means that you are not allowed to participate in a service that is offered to others or you are denied a benefit, because of your HIV disease. ( http://aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/just-diagnosed-with-hiv-aids/your-legal-rights/civil-rights/index.html ) HIV and AIDS in the workplace gets larger each year, because it affects people between ages 25 – 44 and they make up 50% of our 121% million workers. There are laws to protect people with HIV and AIDS in the workplace. †¢Americans with Disabilities act of 1990 (ADA) does not allow employment discrimination because of disability and covers businesses with 15 or more employees. †¢Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Federal and state governments work with more than 100 million working men and women and 6.5 million employers. †¢The Family Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) this act to the private-sector of employers of 50 or more employees and within a 75 mile radius of their worksite. A person is entitled to a total of 12 weeks of job protected unpaid leave in a 12 month period. †¢The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). Addresses obstacles to healthcare you can face if you are HIV and AIDs positive. Protecting you discriminatory treatment from your insurance company, and also protects your privacy rights. †¢The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation act of 1986 (COBRA). This law allows employees the option to keep their health insurance at their own expense after getting laid off, fired from a job. Allowing them to purchase health insurance for a period up to 36 months. HIV and AIDS not only hurt people with the disease but also their families and families. According to the International Labor Organization believes that by the year 2020 HIV and AIDS will lower the workforce by 24 million people. This will cost the workforce higher costs of medical insurance as well as work absences related to health, hiring and costs of retraining.

The ghost of Christmas Essay Example for Free

The ghost of Christmas Essay Scrooge! A squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching covetous old sinner! Hard and sharp as a flint , from which no steel had ever struck out generous fire ; secret and self contained , and solitary as an oyster Charles Dickens coveys his moral message in a christmas carol by raising awareness of the poor and peoples perceptions of the poor in the Victorian times. Most of his literary works concerned the poor and how they lived. Another of his famous novels was Oliver Twist about an orphaned boy. He wrote about this issue because he had experienced abject poverty himself. When he was only nine, his father, mother, and his seven brothers and sisters were sent to debtors prison. This left Dickens out in the cold as a child labourer. After his family were released, Charles Dickens was fortunate enough to go back into education and became a law clerk. He then wrote these novels to describe the desperate poverty in society and raise peoples awareness. Throughout his life, Charles Dickens was a philanthropist, doing many good deeds for his community. He was going to bring the poverty issue to the attention of his readers by producing a campaign leaflet but then realised that more people could relate to a story and more people would read what he has to say. A christmas carol is an allegory. He is saying that people, who live a greedy senseless life, will suffer themselves in the future. If we live our life doing good deeds and generally getting into the spirit of seasons then we will be rewarded in life and the after life. The main character in a christmas carol is Scrooge. At the start of the story, he is described as a covetous old sinner and his famous words bah, humbug! describes his opinion of Christmas. In his school days, he was very serious and was more interested in his education than Christmas. Later in his life he had a fianci e and he used to enjoy the festivities. Money then took over his life and he has rejected everyone ever since and because of this, even though he is financially richer, his life is much poorer. Scrooge, throughout the story, is visited by three ghosts. One of the christmas past , one of the christmas present and one of the christmas yet to come. The ghost of the Christmas past represents his memory and makes Scrooge reminisce about his life as a child and what Christmas was like for him then. The school is not quite deserted, a solitary child, neglected by his friends, is left there still This child, of course is Scrooge. He cared more about his education than Christmas. His friends, if he had any, had left him to look a sad sight on his own. This image made Scrooge think about what he had missed out on in his childhood. He had rejected the opportunity for fun or any friends and he felt bad about it. Even having thinking this through, he still needed more evidence for him to change his frame of mind. The next ghost to visit the misguided Scrooge was the ghost of the Christmas present. This ghost represented charity and showed Scrooge how giving to other people can be a fun part of Christmas. He took Scrooge to various parties which included his old employers party, Fezziwig, his nephews party, Fred , and the Christmas dinner of Bob Cratchit and his family, who, in the sense of that time, were very poor because of the ridiculous wages given by Scrooge in his office. At his nephews party, they were playing a game of yes and no where they ridiculed Scrooge; the brisk fire of questioning to which Fred was exposed, elicited from him that he was thinking of and animal, a live animal, rather a disagreeable animal, a savage animal, an animal that growled and grunted sometimes and talked sometimes.. What is it? Cried Fred. Its your Uncle Scrooge!!!!! This made Scrooge feel very upset inside that his nephew thought of him this way. At Bob Cratchits house, Bob proposed a toast to Scrooge and his wife was very reluctant to do it. He also saw Tiny Tim, Bob Cratchits son, who was very ill and as the family was so poor, they could not afford to help him. This also made Scrooge hurt inside and for the first time, Scrooge decided to change his ways. The ghost of Christmas present shows Scrooge how to celebrate Christmas , but he still needed a small amount of help, and thats where the ghost of Christmas yet to come came in. The ghost of Christmas future was in the shape of the grim reaper and the ghost that Scrooge feared the most. He represents death and Scrooges fear of it. He shows Scrooge what impact his death has on the community. They are celebrating. This scares Scrooge as he didnt realise how much people hated him. Spirit, he said, this is a fearful place. In leaving it, I shall not leave its lesson trust me, let us go! Undoubtedly, the turning point for Scrooge though, was when he saw the empty chair and crutch that was once Tiny Tims. The Cratchits could not afford to help him so they were mourning him. This brought tears to Scrooges eyes. He knew that he could do something to help. What of Tiny Tim? The ghost doesnt reply.

Selection of Materials and Labour in Construction

Selection of Materials and Labour in Construction Suitable selection of materials and labour Insitu reinforcement concrete and structural steel are popular and dominates in the framing market of multi storey buildings. Through the above evaluation we found that the insitu reinforcement concrete frames materials and labour is pretty much stable then steel and precast concrete frame. Therefore, we recommend using insitu reinforcement concrete frame approach in this development. Cost Cost is one of the crucial factors need to be considered in the selection of structural framing options and this costs of framed structures can be affected by the market condition. Through our experience and market analysis, we found that the insitu reinforcement concrete frame is much cost efficiency compared to the others type of structural frame. This is due to steel is particularly volatile and always influence by the exchange rates due to international competitions. Adversely, cement price is more stable and according to BCA (2007), the statistic claims that the UK average cement price is stable over the last 10 years and it is raised below the inflation rate. Cement is one of the main components in the concrete mixture and thus cause the concrete price generally will be cheaper. Therefore it is wisely no to propose steel frame as its price fluctuate more frequently in comparing with concrete. Speed of construction In principle, the insitu reinforcement concrete frame has a disadvantage in term of construction speed it is relatively slow due to the time consumed for curing. However, lead time for steel frame actually is higher than insitu reinforcement concrete frame because one of the reasons is due to the steel frame need to pre-fabricate in factory and it is requires a number of fabrication processes. Lead time can be defined as the actual time counted from putting in an order (by the builder) until to the actual construction one site of a particular element. According to the lead time figure published in the Chartered Quantity Surveyor (1992), show that insitu reinforcement concrete frames lead times is 2-8 weeks and it is less than the steel frames lead times; with 8-14 weeks. Hence, the insitu reinforcement frame constructions total construction time would be shorter if compared to steel frame. Although steel frame construction has an advantage in term of faster structural erection time but in our opinion the shorter total construction time produced by insitu reinforcement frame construction is more crucial. Therefore, the insitu reinforcement concrete frame construction is more suitable and is recommended in this project. Ability to standardise The insitu reinforcement concrete frame is more flexible and tolerant in any alteration during the construction process. Any subsequence alteration is straightforward and it would not much affect the following construction sequence, process, cost and importantly greater delay would not happen. But, both the steel and precast concrete frame has disadvantages in the ability to standardise. This is due to both are factory prefabricated products and later only deliver to site for installation. Therefore any subsequence alteration in steel frame or precast concrete frame construction either in design or construction sequence will cause an impact in the factory production line as well as to the subsequent following construction planning process. Fire resistance The insitu reinforcement concrete frame has inherent fire resistance advantage compared to steel frame which fire resistance factor is not inbuilt. Therefore steel need additional fire protection work and this directly will involve additional construction time and cost. Size and nature of site As mentioned above both of the steel and precast concrete frame are prefabricated in the factory. Therefore, it has a disadvantage and limitation in producing huge structural frame during the prefabrication process and installation process at site. Similarly the delivery process of prefabricated huge frame will also tough and massive and not practical. But, this does not happen to the insitu reinforcement concrete frame where the huge structural elements can be adjusted and produced on site by constructing it in small part each time without affect by the factor of size and nature of site. Finally we would like to propose that this 10 storey building to be constructed by using insitu reinforcement concrete frame construction due to the above mentioned advantages. In addition, this insitu reinforcement concrete frame is more useful in accomplishing green process compared to steel frame. Adversely, we also do not negligence on the disadvantages points of the insitu reinforcement concrete frame such as quality control, massive construction process and etc. However, this insitu reinforcement concretes existent disadvantages factors can be reduced to an acceptable level by adopting a proper site management system and well planned construction process. REFERENCES: Construction Technology 5, Heriot-Watt University Comparison Of Reinforced In-Situ Concrete And Structural Steel In Multi-Storey Building Framework Construction, RIAD QUADERY (ICE Membership Number: 64405090) BCA (2007 Chartered Quantity Surveyor (1992) Unit 1 (c) In order to increase the building height to 30 storeys, the previous proposed structure need to consider and cope efficiently to the gravity loads and resists significant lateral loads or sway force cause by wind, while at the same time, not presenting excessive self weight loads on the foundation system. Therefore, some alteration in terms of frame will need to take into consideration for achieving the tall building design safety factor. According to Chew, Y L M., Construction Technology for Tall Buildings (2nd Edition), the amount of materials needed in a tall building to resist gravity loads is almost linear with its height, however the amount of material needed to withstand lateral forces increases with the square of the wind speed. The Figure 2.1 below is an illustration of the lateral forces imposed by wind increase exponentially with the building height. A) Introduction of Shear Truss Shear wall Structure Shear walls normally is reflected to the vertical elements in the lateral force resisting system (LFRS). This shear wall is very famous apply in many structures. For conventional concrete frame system, shear wall is designed to function as a deep, thin vertical cantilevered beams members where it is robustly connected from the roof level onto the foundations level. While at the same time the insitu reinforcement concrete floor are designed in robust connection into the shear wall (vertical element) and performing the function as a horizontal diaphragms to transfer lateral loads to the vertical element and subsequently into the foundation. Please refer the below illustration of Diaphragm of Shear wall (Figure B), Shear Wall Action (Figure C), Diaphragm Action (Figure D) and For this 10 storey office building, it is design with a symmetrical floor layout and this layout makes it suitably to create few shear wall system. Moreover this shear wall design and its implementation will only involve some minor arrangement and structural design alteration, such as; alter the type of foundation, convert the existing wall element become vertical reinforcement concrete wall, change the floor system in order it must be robust enough and able to transfer the lateral force to the shear wall within the limit of design deflection. Similarly the design of the beam (underneath at open space area) must be rigidly tied into the supporting shear walls make sure the lateral load can efficiently for transfer to the foundation. With the above alteration the whole shear wall will be formed (refer layout plan grid line A-B/3-6 F-G/3-6) and this new created system not only carries vertical load but it floor system acting as a diaphragm to transfer the lateral loads to this shear wall and then transfer those load to the foundation efficiently. With this alternative design the building height will able to achieve 30 storeys and maximum to achieve 35 storeys height. Besides, through this approach the overall building concept will be remained unchanged. B) Introduction of Frame Using Vertical Trusses, Belt Trusses and /or Outrigger Trusses This concept is development from the earlier shear wall. The purpose of this design is to provide a vertical truss call Outrigger Trusses where it is robustly connected to the perimeter column/exterior column with the purpose to form a much stiffer structure at external column and enables it to resist greater wind forces or other form of lateral load, as well as the resistant of gravity load. In addition the Belt Trusses will be built and it is functioning in wrapping through the perimeter column at the same level as the outrigger trusses to further stiffen of the structure. This design is suitable in apply to amend this building height into 10 storey. The Figure E and Figure F below shown two diagrams to illustrate the concept of this vertical trusses, belt trusses and outrigger trusses. In order to apply this concept in this project, the perimeter building column (facade column) will be tied by using beam act as outrigger trusses and robustly connected to central core (also act as shear wall). Through this alternative frame solution the whole structure will act as a large system will enabling a structure approximately 25% stiffer than a original structure solely relying on a shear truss or shear wall system while without changing the floor plan arrangement. Figure F shown how the outrigger truss combine with shear wall to further enhance this whole building structure to resist lateral forces. C) Introduction of Tube System and Bundle Tube System The tube system has been the most efficient structural system used for tall building. This tube approach creates a 3 dimensional system (Refer Figure G). This system can be formed by using the conventional frame system where the external columns around the perimeter of the building are designed in much closer together. Subsequently, these columns around the corners of the four building facades are tied robustly with short beam and will form a continuity system around all four facades and effectively create a structure similar to a huge box section that cantilevers from the foundation to the top of the building. This structural system capable in resisting lateral forces in any direction as in principle a Box section has inherent strength. This tube system is appropriate to adopt in order to increase this building height to 30 storeys. From this building existing layout design (in term of shape) it is suitably to form a Tube shape. Therefore, according to this tube system design criteria, the perimeter column (facade column) of this building will be placed much closer (Refer Figure H) and tied robustly by beam surrounded the four facades of the building and become more stiffened. This will enable the whole structure act as a whole system to resist the lateral force as well as functioning to transfer the gravity load to the foundation. The advantages of this tubes system is it is allow fewer interior columns, and so create more usable floor space. In addition the above propose tube system can wisely interconnected or combine act as a whole with the existing tube frames, i.e. two number of lift core and the alternative proposed new shear walls (position at grid line A-B/3-6 F-G/3-6), to create and perform another approach call bundle tube system. Through this combination a stronger structure will be created and efficiently to resist the lateral forces and gravity loads. The Figure F illustrate the bundle tube system and through this integrate structural frame it is definitely will become more efficiently to resists lateral loads or sway force cause by wind. As a conclusion, with the above solution of alternative frame design (i.e shear walls, vertical trusses, belt trusses and Outrigger Trusses, tube system). This building will be able to increase to 30 storey height with any one of the above single alternative frame design. However it is advisable to combine those approaches by looking at the advantages and permission of this existing symmetrical building layout with the objective to resists significant lateral loads or sway force (cause by wind), as well as cope efficiently with the gravity loads (vertical load). Moreover theses combination will not cause many changes in terms of the original design and the building concept. References: Chew, Y L M., Construction Technology for Tall Buildings (2nd Edition), Construction Technology 5, Heriot-Watt University Brick Industry Association, Technical Notes 24C-The Contemporary Bearing Wall, Introduction To Shear Wall Design, (Sept./Oct.1970)(Reissued May 1988) www.gobrick.com Tall Building Structures Analysis And Design, By Bryan Stafford Smith, Alex Coull) Introduction Double skin facades is very popular apply in many European cities. This wall system is attractive due to its characteristic such as durability, ecology, greener technology, aesthetical viewing and etc. This double skin facade able to provide natural ventilation into a building space and also can reduce energy consumption. These double skin facades sometimes also referred to as a building in building. Definitions This wall system can be define as a traditional single facade doubled inside or outside by a second, essentially glazed facade. Each of these two facades is commonly called a skin. Each of the facade skin can be constructed by various different combinations of materials, commonly by two skin of glazed. However, it is also popular to apply an outer layer of glass used together with a solid inner skin. The area between the two skins can call ventilated cavity or air space. It is purposely in such designed for vertical air circulation purposes. The ventilated cavity between the two skins can be in various widths, normally range from as narrow as several centimetres to as wide as several metres (in order to form accessible cavities). The cavity width will influence the way that the facade is maintained. This air circulation space can be used in many different functions, but in the simplest analysis, the air will be drawn into the building by applying the circulation utilises stack effect , so that a natural ventilation effect will be created for the internal space of the building. However, this cavity space in some other design can be consists of fan supported or mechanically ventilated. A) Natural Ventilation The design of exterior part of the skin forming a protective shield for the building and through the circulation utilises stack effect the natural air will be drawn into the internal space of the building, so that a natural ventilation effect will be created. Therefore, the interior comfort would not be affected even though the windows maintain open throughout the whole day. B) Promote Greener Technology The natural ventilation for high-rise conditions relatively will reduce air-conditioning loads and thus will minimise the CO2 output produced during the building operational phase. According to the research, carried out by Franklin Andrews, Professor Michael Wigginton of the University of Plymouth and Battle McCarthy, who represent the United Kingdom Department of Environment, Transport and Regions has shown that double skin buildings when compared to advanced single skin building are capable to reduce 50% of CO2 emissions within the cold temperate climate prevalent in the United Kingdom. C) Better acoustic insulation-improve noise protection Besides improved the noise protection, this double skin facade are capable to gain an excellent acoustic insulation magnitude even though under the windows open condition. The magnitude of the acoustic insulation is equal to that obtained in classical glass facade with the windows closed condition. D) Reducing heating energy requirement The air stored in the cavity between the two skins would be heated by the sun rays especially in winter time. Thus improving both the heat-insulating functions of the facade and its thermal performance and subsequently will reducing the heating costs. E) Reducing cooling energy requirement Double skin facade can allow for nigh-time cooling of the interior building with make the window in open during night time and thereby lessening cooling loads of the buildings HVAC system. Thus especially, apply during summer time the night cooling can cut down the building energy consumption particularly the costs of air-conditioning in the summer. F) Exploiting solar power Both energy consumption and costs are possible to reduce by utilize the suns energy particularly with the incorporation of photovoltaic glass. By this method, the air stored inside the cavity will be heat by the solar rays and reduce the energy consumption. G) Increased Natural Daylighting The double skin facade will improves the access of natural light transmission into the building space and thus will produce a better indoor comfort and give positive effect to occupants health and as well as increase the productivity of office personnel. Physically with this increased natural daylighting will cause a significant reduce in the amount of electrical lighting required because the quality of light from natural daylight is more preferential to electrical lighting. H) Fire Escape For some of the widest cavities (normally width range from 600mm to maximum 2m), located between the two skins will be able to provide a fire escape during fire occur. Therefore, with this back up emergency escape will enable the fire brigade to save more life during there is fire to the building. Conclusion The above have indicated the benefit of double skin facade wall and make it gain a lot of popularity throughout the world. References: Construction Technology 5, Heriot-Watt University Franklin Andrews, Professor Michael Wigginton of the University of Plymouth and Battle McCarthy www.glassinbuilding.com/double_skin_facades Coursework Unit 6 (b) The technical challenges that would need to overcome to produce a double skin facade for this building are as below; 1) Overheating challenges The overheating problem may happen especially on warm day where hot air will collects and emerge at the top air space and this may cause the top floor offices suffer due to this overheating issue cause by this accumulation of hot air in the cavity. Therefore, technically approach to overcome this problem is to design the air space. There are two type of air space, undivided air space, and divided air space. The undivided air space will has advantage from the stack effect. On warm days hot air collects at the top of the air space and with the appropriate openings at the top of the cavity, thus will siphon out warm air and at the same time the replacement of cooler air is draw in from the outside. The benefit of divided air space design is it can reduce over-heating particularly on upper floors. It is also can reduce noise, fire and smoke transmission within the division. Moreover, this floor-by-floor divisions add construction simplicity of a repeating unit and in turn can produce economic savings. From the above, indicate that both air space using the natural physics principals (hot air rises) to draw air upward. We need to highlight that the second type; i.e. divided air space by floor is practically apply for fire protection and sound transmission purposes. 2) Maintenance Challenges 2.1 Cleaning Although some of the building which is use the fully glazed double skin facade to achieve an aesthetical pleasing view but its maintenance is critical in terms of cleaning process. The air space need to be cleaned more frequently because this area is tend to emerge of dust particles which is circulates quickly during the ventilation process. From an research carried out by Terri Meyer, Associate Professor, school of Architecture, University of Waterloo indicate that glazed double skin facade need to carried out full cleaning regularly from 2 to 4 times a year. Therefore, the air spaces design criteria need to consider the imparts of cleaning especially for the continuous cavity. Similarly, others barrier elements such as louvers placed within the cavity must be removable in order to facilitate access during cleaning process. Normally a device called bosuns chair platform which is similar to the window washing rig is used to access the interior space of cavity for cleaning purposes. In some double skin facade design an open grates will be put at floor by floor or at particular place act as the cleaner standing platform and without affected the airflow design. For divided air space or cavity, normally the interior windows will function as the access panels for In some instances, where the cavity is more divided, the interior windows, whether operable maintenance purposes. Therefore the design of air space need a consideration to provide an adequate space for maintenance purposes besides the ventilation functionality. The interior clear dimension for air space is usually range from 600 to 900 mm. 2.2 Replacement of Deteriorate Mechanical Part The high-tech mechanic which is incorporated for the functioning of double skin facade (particularly in ventilation process) tend to have a higher failure rate and repair cost. The same mechanics also necessitate higher replacement costs. For instances, the replacement of wiring after a certain number of years. Therefore, a preventive checking is need to carry out frequently in order to detect any mechanical problem in an earlier stage before its give a negative impact onto the ventilation system. Besides, a proper data record and operation manual on those relevant mechanic device also need to be keep properly. Through this data any cases of malfunction of mechanic device would be able to find the direct causes and the solution can be carry out as soon as possible as well as in finding the suitable spare part replacement within a shorter period of time. 3) Control of Natural Ventilation For high-rise building with double skin facade, normally will found a problem on how to control and maintain its natural ventilation (here mean the quality of air) to its occupant. The area between the double skin facade in principle is not affected by high velocity wind because this area have been protected by the exterior skin. Therefore, this region typically will access by the inhabitants for natural ventilation and this will cause some unexpected impact of sound, smoke, noise or heat transfer over this zone either from one section, level or room to the proximity area. In order to eliminates these impact efficiently normally this buffer zone will be propose in compartmentalize design and separate into regions with air supplied by grilles or vents at the individual zone or each level. Then with the use of vents or grilles allows for the control of the incoming air by reducing air velocity, as well as protecting from the rain and reducing the noise transmission from the exterior. R egular cleaning process also need to be carried out in order to make sure that the ventilated air is always in good quality such as out of dust particle. Hence, high-rise building is essentially need to plan and implement this control in order all its occupant will be provide with a natural ventilation. 4) Fire Regulation Although the air space between the skins can be use for fire escape but the fire regulation might cause difficulties if no extra attention is provided. Therefore, for safety measured a proper indication of fire escape route have to provide and place at suitable location at each floor. 5) Reduce of Space As mentioned earlier the width of the cavity can be formed from few centimetres until few meters. So, this will cause some reduce in the building usable space. Therefore, it is significant to find the optimum cavity width in order to gain an optimum office space in this building. 6) Climate In some European country the double skin facade will face the climate issue such as humidity. For those double skin facade associate with the passive design strategies, (i.e. thermal mass) and radiant (hydronic) system , the condensation control will become an issue. Therefore, this critical factor need to be solved in order it would not give a negative comfort effect inside the building. This problem can be technically solved by adopting condensation control through the appropriated mechanical ventilated system, i.e. extract air system. This system normally apply for location where the natural ventilation is not possible (due to it locations inherent with high noise, wind and fume). Through this system the fresh air will be supply by HVAC and it is precludes the natural ventilation. These systems tend not to reduce energy requirements as fresh air changes must be supplied mechanically. In addition, the occupants are advisable not to adjust the temperature even though belong to their individual spaces. However, the priority consideration will still be put on the potential use of natural ventilation. For instances, to come out a desirable hours of natural ventilation scheduled through the utilisation computerise control system can achieve this objective. 7) HVAC Technically Design The HVAC will play a major role for the building where the natural ventilation is not suitable due to its negative climate conditions. Therefore, in cases the functionality of a HVAC system will become a significant point and it will give an impact onto the building ventilation system. So, in order to solve that problem, during the earlier design process need to fully integrates architectural and mechanical concerns is need to fully integrates during the earlier design process. By this earlier stage planning will able to achieve a smooth functioning of HVAC system. In economical point of view it will less costly and it is a wise planning because the cost saving figure is enough to compensate for the construction cost of the second facade. 8) Solar Heat Gain This point come to the issue of excessive of the incoming solar radiation above the comfort level especially in the summer time. So, in order to maintain solar heat gain under a standard design level is by preventing the heat from initially entering the space. Particularly for a highly full glazed building, normally an external shading devices are the most efficient means of reducing solar heat gain. However, this external shading devices need to be cleaned frequently in order its can function effectively. In the other approach is to use the special glazing such as spectally selective glazing and where this glazing materials is able to respond differently to various wavelengths of solar energy or in other means is to permit visible light while rejecting unnecessary invisible infrared heat. An ideal spectrally selective glazing permits only the art of the suns energy which is useful for daylighting. Another type of glass called electrochomic glass also able to improve the solar performance. The type of glass able to change its colour from clear to dark using electrical current. The electrical current can be activated in two ways, either by manually activated or by sensor reaction to the light intensity. In physic principle dark colour glass will reduce solar transmission into the building. Adversely when it is little sunlight, the glass will perform brightens in order to permit more suns ray into the building and minimized usage of artificial light. Both of the above mentioned materials is very practically apply for the full glazed double skin high rise building. Besides, the application of horizontal blind can permit use of daylighting and at the same time still can achieve the exterior view and it is a more economic approaches. 9) DSF Self Loading Transfer. This double skin facade (DSF) especially full glazed type, is unable to take its own load. Therefore, the dead load and imposed load of skins have to transferred to the adjacent structural wall and frames. Therefore, the design of structural wall and frames need to consider to carry the facade skins loading. 10) Installation Process Challenges His installation process is difficult especially for full glazed double skins facade because it is tough to work with the increase of the building height. Also encounter near misses and possibility of the hazard of falling. Besides the wind gust is always a question of safety to its installer. Moreover the are only limited movements in the working place. Therefore, the design of open grates to put at floor by floor to act as the installer standing platform is advisable and can ease the installation process. Conclusion From the above, we have analysed the possible technical challenges of the double skin facade for this propose 10 storey of office. Therefore, the project design team need to consider that technical challenges during the earlier stage of design in order to come out a proper and efficient double skin facade building design in terms of aesthetical pleasing and maintenance capability. References: Construction Technology 5, Heriot-Watt University Terri Meyer, Associate Professor, school of Architecture, University of Waterloo www.glassinbuilding.com/double_skin_facades

Essay --

Have you ever thought about how your fruits and vegetables are grown? How about which ingredients are put into bug sprays and insecticides to ward off those pesky insects? Look no further because author Rachel Carson looks deep into the many environmental issues caused by pesticides and herbicides in her New York Times best-selling novel, â€Å"Silent Spring.† â€Å"Silent Spring† is a collection of studies which were performed in an effort to educate others about the harmful things occurring everyday to their foods and every-day environment in hopes of giving them a wake up call. This novel is thought by many to be a revolutionary novel that forced people to take notice of the harm being caused in their world, many of which people were unaware of. After discovering the results of these chemicals, it really makes one wonder, is the luxury of being insect free really worth all of the consequences? â€Å"Silent Spring† consists of research and experiments conducted to see why wildlife was decreasing in various chemically treated areas. Carson was also interested in discovering how these chemicals affect human health as well. Carson first starts our her novel describing a world of green grass and blue skies, complete with singing birds and active wildlife. A world she says, that is what our earth used to consist of before mankind. Carson states that her reasoning for writing this novel was out of curiosity as to why and how our earth became so corrupt. She narrows it down to one reason which is the main foundation for this novel, man-made chemicals are responsible for destroying the purity of nature. â€Å"The chemicals to which life is asked to make its adjustment are no longer merely the calcium and silica and copper and all the rest of the minerals... ...ng†. I unfortunately am not an environmental junkie by any means, but this novel really opened my eyes to not only issues of the past, but also current matters as well. I learned the importance of what it means to buy organic and not only for the health benefits, but the environmental benefits as well. I was never aware of how harmful pesticides can be and although DDT may be outlawed in the United States, farmers still use other forms of insecticides to protect their plants. It horrors me that DDT was used for so long, despite the deaths it caused. I admire Rachel Carson for writing this novel and conducting research when no one else cared about the environmental harms placed on our land. Her passion about the earth is evident, and her willingness to put out such a controversial novel during this time period explains why her story is still a relevant resource today.

Film Analysis of High and Low Essay -- Film Analysis Movies High and L

Film Analysis of High and Low Film 1010 Mise en scene is a stylistic form of filming that is French for â€Å"staging the shot†, which is referring to everything in front of the camera. Director Kurosawa understood this style and used it in High and Low (Kurosawa, 1962). He used several Mise en scene techniques such as closed composition, space manipulation, and lighting to compliment the crime thriller story. Closed composition is one of the main themes that Kurosawa uses throughout the movie. He chooses to keep the scenes tight and in close quarters mostly. This is seen predominately in the first half on the movie. Here the action takes place in Mr. Gondo’s house on top of a hill. The viewer has very little idea that there is much of a world outside the house. This idea is supported when Mr. Gondo has to close all the drapes in the house to prevent the kidnapper from looking into the house. This gives a mood and feeling of anxiety from being enclosed. Also, shots of the house sitting on top of the hill give the feeling of loneliness. This feeling is repeated in the bullet train sequence where the quarters are much smaller. The viewer is somewhat relieved with the view of the outside, but because of the close quarters and the sense of a speeding train, it does not allow the viewer to enjoy the openness the windows provide. A scene that clearly shows the Mise en scene style is the next day comes and Mr. Gondo must now decide whether to pay the ransom or not. We see and hear the argument with Mr. Gondo and Mrs. Gondo, with Mr. Aoki crying to the far left of the scene. Soon the dialog ends and we see Mr. Aoki still to the far left, Mrs. Gondo with Jun in the middle, and Mr. Gondo to the far right. Clearly separating them are the detectives who are standing silently with their heads down. The placement of the detectives manipulates the space in the scene into thirds. It also helps in emphasizing the differences between the three characters regarding what should be done about getting Mr. Aoki’s son back from the kidnapper. In the scene where two of the detectives find the man and woman dead, we see the detectives enclosed in the window of the house where, we the viewers are looking in. This is the closed form composition, which is used to help focus the viewers’ attention on the characters. In doing so, the characters’ surprise reactions... ...arly being used as a separation between Mr. Gondo and the police. That, with the combination of the lack of furniture, along with the predominance of white created by the light in the house enforces the tone of emptiness and loneliness that the viewer feels. Finally, the last few scenes show desperation by the kidnapper. Mr. Gondo and the kidnapper are sitting across from each other in a closed off room. The room gives the feeling of being trapped along with the wire mesh and window separating them. Here the viewer can see the reflection of whom the character is talking to so that we can see the expression from what is being said. Plus by being in such a small room, the emotions seem to be increased as the kidnapper releases his own emotions to Mr. Gondo. We have seen that Kurosawa used many techniques of the mise en scene throughout High and Low. The use of the closed stylistic form along with the lighting and space manipulation of characters and objects help increase the intense emotion of the film as well as help the viewer focus on key points and characters. This ultimately moved the story forward and complimented the crime thriller categorization of the film.

Comparing The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olauda Equiano and T

Comparing The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olauda Equiano and Wiesel’s The Death of My Father   This essay will focus on the two works, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olauda Equiano by Olauda Equiano and "The Death of My Father" by Elie Wiesel. Although these works are quite different, at the same time they are sadly similar. Both works have value to me as they describe events that have historical significance. Their personal descriptions of these events help one better feel and understand the atrocities inflicted on both the African and Jewish people. Equiano's was most poignant as it details the crimes committed against the African people. Equiano's story tells us of his abduction and separation from his family, particularly his little sister. I learned that slaves were bought and sold in Africa, from African to African. I guess I just never realized that this was a practice before European influence. Of course, the difference seems to be that the African masters did not ill treat their slaves. It was not until Equiano was sold to the white traders that he became "converted into terror" and even after many years had passed he was "yet at a loss to describe" (479). Equiano's graphic account of the conditions on board the slave ship pained me as I read. I could only imagine the suffering as he described "the heat," "the air...unfit for respiration" and the "shrieks...and the groans of the dying" (481). While Equiano was luckier than most, if it can be considered luck. He reports the general treatment of slaves by their owners following their arrival in America. Equiano tells of sexual assaults against the slave women to include young children, the maiming and torture as punishment for a myriad o... ..." (1829). Wiesel is saying that if God existed, why would he have allowed the Holocaust to happen? Of course, this is one question among many that will never be answered for him. In the end Wiesel resigns himself to go to the synagogue, light the candles, and say the Kiddish for his father. Both of these writings were of value for me as they were not mere entertainment. They were stories of human suffering, suffering at the hands of other human beings. Although I have read many stories about the slave trade and the Holocaust, I still find each and every story more horrifying and saddening than the last. I, like Wiesel, cannot understand how such cruelties could have been inflicted upon anyone. How human beings could lack compassion and empathy for others is so far beyond my understanding that there are no words with which to explain my feelings....       Comparing The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olauda Equiano and T Comparing The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olauda Equiano and Wiesel’s The Death of My Father   This essay will focus on the two works, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olauda Equiano by Olauda Equiano and "The Death of My Father" by Elie Wiesel. Although these works are quite different, at the same time they are sadly similar. Both works have value to me as they describe events that have historical significance. Their personal descriptions of these events help one better feel and understand the atrocities inflicted on both the African and Jewish people. Equiano's was most poignant as it details the crimes committed against the African people. Equiano's story tells us of his abduction and separation from his family, particularly his little sister. I learned that slaves were bought and sold in Africa, from African to African. I guess I just never realized that this was a practice before European influence. Of course, the difference seems to be that the African masters did not ill treat their slaves. It was not until Equiano was sold to the white traders that he became "converted into terror" and even after many years had passed he was "yet at a loss to describe" (479). Equiano's graphic account of the conditions on board the slave ship pained me as I read. I could only imagine the suffering as he described "the heat," "the air...unfit for respiration" and the "shrieks...and the groans of the dying" (481). While Equiano was luckier than most, if it can be considered luck. He reports the general treatment of slaves by their owners following their arrival in America. Equiano tells of sexual assaults against the slave women to include young children, the maiming and torture as punishment for a myriad o... ..." (1829). Wiesel is saying that if God existed, why would he have allowed the Holocaust to happen? Of course, this is one question among many that will never be answered for him. In the end Wiesel resigns himself to go to the synagogue, light the candles, and say the Kiddish for his father. Both of these writings were of value for me as they were not mere entertainment. They were stories of human suffering, suffering at the hands of other human beings. Although I have read many stories about the slave trade and the Holocaust, I still find each and every story more horrifying and saddening than the last. I, like Wiesel, cannot understand how such cruelties could have been inflicted upon anyone. How human beings could lack compassion and empathy for others is so far beyond my understanding that there are no words with which to explain my feelings....      

Political And Economic Globalization Essay

Globalization in whichever form has received different view from different people all over the world. It has always portrayed two faces in any field in which it was applied. Generally, globalization has its roots in economic and political concerns. These two areas are key factors which touches the lives of people in any country, hence, globalization in either economic or politics will most if not always affect the ways of life in any given country. The consequences of economic and political globalizations are thus paramount in the induction of particular changes in the cultural ways of these communities. The economic and political globalization has an impact on culture while at the same time the cultures have enormous impacts on the globalization of both. This is because there is an intimate interrelationships and integration of the three human activities which builds the human life. Thus, from the historical view of the three things, they have gone hand in hand for complete human life existence. Globalization of politics and economic are two key factors which are affecting the culture of modern world bringing about cultural homogeneity rather than cultural diversity. In reality, this has made crowds of people to remain perplex on which ways is these economic and political globalizations is driving the culture. (Mudimbe-boyi, 2002) Meanwhile, globalization has also allowed the cultural diversity tpo surface as countries started to accept the globalized views and ways of life. The more global influences get in the culture, the more chance that the community acknowledges the uniqueness of its culture. First and foremost are that many people having experiences obstacles of understanding what is culture and the compositions of culture. Michael Amaladoss gave any efforts of defining culture. He said â€Å"culture is the way of a life of a people through which they humanize and socialize nature. † In his further elaboration, he mentioned that it implies the world-view, a value system and a network of social relationships. There are key areas in which during economics and political globalization, they are obviously affected. The effects are felt when many people changes their values system and the original products which were once used by their forefathers. This phenomenon is not rare in most parts of the world where many people have gone under the transition of economic and political globalization. There are numerous alarming cultural practices which the world’s leaders are now struggling to ban as result of this two globalizes factors. (Cowen, 2002) In some instances however, globalization becomes a driving force for people to realize how cultural affinities are being ignored. As people in different communities strive to adopt into the globalized world, they start to be more keen on its effects in the culture, thus the rise of groups concerned with protecting and/or preserving the cultural heritage. It has also served as the venue for countries to showcase the unique culture to the entire world. Globalization of economy and politics are not bring along with cultural diversity. Generally, each globalization processes are working ways out to have homogeneity of cultures. For instance, in terms of economic globalization in the sectors of agriculture sectors, the world’s organizations which deal with the problems of foods shortages do not address the problem from root cause of the shortages. Their models hardly emphasizes on the available establishment of these local food stuff in the particular countries. Instead, they widely and vast get involved in the use of imports to solve the problems of hungers. Through such means the cultural foods products of the native communities in these states are set into extinction as the local are encouraged to embark on sowing new types of crops. This portrays that there is expansion of the culture from one point of country to another through these aids creating a homogenous cultures. (Adam, 2002) But because of the uniqueness of the cultures of each country, cultural differences will most likely affect how a country reacts to a globalized world, or how a country respond to globalization. Globalization can sometimes tend to be too Westernized that countries from Asia or from other part of the world will find it hard to adopt, thus resulting to further cultural diversity rather than homogeneity. Their global information infrastructures which as come on the ways of technology and industrialization has made trade increases. In addition, to trade many countries have been subjects to comply with unnecessary economic condition. This has especially affected those developing countries where resources and job opportunities are limited. The unfavorable economic environments in those states have created a loophole for the exploitation of the people. The people are being forced by worse survival means to adapts the foreign culture so that they can attain their goals in life. As the adage goes â€Å"power and wealthy and there to conquers and dominates the weak†. (Cowen, 2002) Meanwhile, globalization has also helped developing countries. An example is for developing countries in Asia such as Philippines and India who have become an ideal venue for the support needs of the economies of the US and other countries in Europe. This has paved the way for the booming business processing outsourcing (BPO) industries in these countries due to globalization. The political globalizations are largely affecting the culture of these different communities of the world in the pretence of fighting for human rights. The politics from the westerns and Americans have spreads in all corners of the worlds in which the Americans are fighting to have democratic political area. Political globalists has intervened in issues of marriages and other matters which touches family affairs. Argument such as homosexuals and other related family matters have been widely politicized debates which have been accelerated by political globalization. The consequences of this embarked in the developments countries which are majority pro- globalisms. The final result is that, the continued interaction of the people in the economic dispersions in the trades industries wits such peoples has enables the spreading of the vices to thousands of countries in other continents. Gayism and lesbians are two vices which did not exist in African continents in date of the previous two centuries back. The perpetual globalization on economic and politics has spread this scourge disease to the continent in the last four to five decades. This vividly demonstrates, that the cultures which had rooted values in the continent has been absorbed creating some support of homogeneous culture rather than cultural diversity. (Mudimbe-boyi, 2002) In the same way, the share of culture had also positive effect on other communities. People become more informed of how things are done in the other parts of the world, and thus they are able to establish benchmarks. These will then become a basis of the right way of doing things by using these as models on how to successfully deal with political and economic concerns. Reference: Adam, D. (2002): Community, Culture and Globalization: Rockefeller Foundation Cowen, T. (2002): How Globalization is changing the World’s Culture: Princeton University Press. Greenaway, D. (2005): Adjusting to globalization: University of Nottingham Mudimbe-boyi, E. (2002): Histories, Identities, Cultures, and the Challenge of Globalization: University of New York Press

Philosophy of Christian Education

Anthony Stockton Dr. Hayes CED 2020 21 Oct. 2012 Toward a Philosophy of Christian Education Christian education is one of the most important things an individual can participate in throughout their lifetime. It is a lifelong process, beginning when we reach an age of awareness and ability to learn, and does not end until we reach our physical deaths. This is an ever-evolving progression that changes over the course of a person’s life.People have the capability to constantly grow in spiritual maturity, and it is imperative as teachers and educators to aid students in perceiving, accepting, and fulfilling the Gospel. Jesus provided the Great Commission to make disciples until the day of his return. This is something we must consider carefully and intentionally. As Christian educators, we have the responsibility of first making disciples of Christ, and secondly to prepare them for their participation in our culture and society with God’s word at the center of all they do.E ducators should have a desire for others to be transformed into the likeness of Christ. People must learn how they can know God and follow him in their daily lives. â€Å"We . . . need to be clear on our purpose and creative in our design of educational strategies and use of methods that promote the knowledge of God and a growing relationship with Him† (Anthony 25). Every faucet of the purposes and goals of Christian education should be Christ-centered and biblical.According to Michael Anthony’s book, Christian Education, â€Å"the philosophical foundations of Christian education are derived from systematic theology, which in turn emerges from biblical theology† (26). A correct observation and high view of the Bible, as well as thinking and teaching according to Christ’s view of Scripture, is the Christian educator’s ultimate frame of reference. There has to be an awareness of the indispensable theological keystone of the faith for this education t o be successful. In the Bible, Jesus says, â€Å"Sanctify them by the truth; your word is truth† (John 17. 7). Therefore, teaching with the groundwork of God’s word is teaching the truth; the Bible tells Christians how to live in this world and gives His people morals to stand by and believe. An educational philosophy that is biblically informed provides stability in the midst of the never-ending changes in our society. â€Å"The only constants in our world are God and Scripture. The Lord of the church is the Lord of theology and philosophy† (Anthony 34). Educators need to use theology and the Bible as the foundation for moving toward any philosophy in their Christian education.The purpose of my first education program is to lead people in worship of our Lord and Savior through music, which evokes their feelings and emotions as they celebrate His greatness, unconditional love, and presence in their lives. The goals for worship are for individuals to feel free to express their love of Christ and thankfulness for His mercy, grace, and eternal salvation during Sunday morning services. They will learn the powerful words to these songs, and will then be able to feel the truthfulness in them, through the indwelling of the Holy Spirit.When people worship and celebrate God, those feelings are released, which then leads to them wanting to grow even closer in their relationship with Him; one goal from this experience is for them to bring others to church, becoming witnesses and bringing people who don’t know Christ to services, thus fulfilling the Great Commission. By singing songs with words that come from the Bible, they will become familiar with verses that are God-breathed, making it a strong foundation for Christian education.The purpose of my second education program, leading small group meetings for adults, is to create a safe environment and atmosphere, where students are surrounded by not only their peers, but friends, which allows f or a positive setting to learn. The goals are to educate people regarding the Bible and God, so they will know Him more intimately; they will feel the acceptance of others, and in this emotional climate, be able to openly ask questions they have regarding Christianity that they might not feel comfortable doing in a larger group, or among people outside their age range.They will be able to both know and feel the non-judgmental attitude of the group itself, as they get to know one another more as well. Also, just as with Worship, they will want to bring others to these meetings to experience it and become more involved. Through the use of biblical materials, this program and philosophy also has a solid foundation for education. To best educate people and implement these purposes and goals I have stated, it is vital to understand how individuals learn and grow in Christian faith. At the foundation of Christian education is iblical studies and theology, but it also seeks to integrate th em with knowledge that is gleaned from the social sciences of education, sociology, and psychology (Anthony 13). By utilizing various teaching strategies that encompass learning theory systems, such as cognitive, humanistic, and behavioral, teaching objectives can be created. These explain what the educator wants the students themselves to think, to feel, and to do; however, there needs to be a personal relationship with God, as the Holy Spirit helps one to grow in the image of Christ.When studying the social sciences of education, there is an emphasis on development; humans grow, mature, and develop in varying ways throughout their life spans. In an excerpt from Anthony’s book, â€Å"cognitive development refers to the orderly changes that occur in the way people understand and cope with their world. Cognitive theorists are concerned with how we know, that is, with how we obtain, process, and use information† (68).Jean Piaget first proposed the design of this type of growth, and maintained that there are four major periods, each age-related, of cognitive development: sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operations, and formal operations. By knowing these stages in cognitive development, one can apply the concepts in teaching. The educator must focus on what the person at each stage can do, as well as avoid what they can’t understand. They need to be intentional and effective in comprehending and meeting learners’ needs. Moral development is also an important issue that Christian educators need to understand.Bonnidell Clouse noted four general approaches to this type of development: psychoanalytical, learning/conditioning, cognitive/moral reasoning, and moral potential (Anthony 73). The psychoanalytical approach was advocated by Sigmund Freud, and describes development that occurs due to psychological conflict between the ego, superego, and id, where morality results from conflict; B. F. Skinner supported the approach of conditioning, where development occurs due to the individual being exposed to external stimuli and subsequently conditioned with a behavioral response to a given situation, and morality results from action.The cognitive/moral reasoning approach that Jean Piaget proposed is a process that accompanies cognitive/intellectual development, where â€Å"higher† levels of authority make moral decisions, concluding that morality results from knowledge; the fourth and last approach of moral potential was campaigned by Carl Rogers, where development of morals is innate to humanity and is progressed through the process of self-actualization as needs, basic and advanced, are fulfilled, and morality results from potential. These four approaches to moral development are based on the scientific perspective.Though Christian educators have both praised and ridiculed these theories, one of the basic criticisms is that the definition of morality is simple, narrow, and solitary. â€Å"Christi an educators have often turned to Scripture and theology to supply the foundation for understanding moral development. Dennis Dirks notes the development framework presented in the metaphor of moral growth throughout the New Testament, as well as the concepts of internalization of values and moral transformation† (Anthony 78).Donald Joy describes moral development’s path as a pilgrimage, and believes it must have insights from theology, not just the social sciences, in order to provide a comprehensive view of the process. Since Christian educators have incorporated both the theorists’ approaches, as well as the theological ideals, their concept of moral development is more comprehensive. â€Å"It must include reasons, actions, and characters that require knowledge, behavior, virtues, and principles† (Anthony 81). Faith development is another issue for Christian educators to take into consideration.James W. Fowler is the founder of this theory, devoting his time to studying the nature of faith and its development. In order to understand his theory, it is necessary to realize that his primary conceptualization of faith is generic; he assumes that all human beings have some form of faith that proceeds through a rather predictable process of development (Anthony 83). According to Michael Anthony, â€Å"in faith development, a distinction is made between beliefs and faith. Beliefs are significant means by which faith is expressed.But faith is much deeper and includes both conscious and unconscious motivations† (83). Fowler defines faith in terms of loyalty and trust, such as devotion to ideas or persons that have worth to us (â€Å"centers of value†), loyalty to power centers in life that give a sense of security, and devotion to a â€Å"master story† that gives direction and hope in life (84). The calling of God upon believers is emphasized in relating the development of faith to Christianity, where vocation is the r esponse a person makes.The image of God is placed within each person, and the stages of faith symbolize one way in which the potential of that image unfolds. Conversion and transformation are two aspects of faith growth that correlate with New Testament teachings. These insights contribute to the process of Christian education, but one must also be aware of its weaknesses and limitations. â€Å"God’s perspective as given in Scripture must be the ultimate and most important benchmark by which faith development is measured† (Anthony 89).However, this theory does imply that the faith of adults has the potential to continue to develop throughout adulthood; this is a valid reason to include adult ministries, such as small group meetings, to the educational ministry of the church. As mentioned previously, there are multiple learning theory styles which are used to help teach the student and attain the goals and objectives in a curriculum, three significant ones being cogniti ve, humanistic, and behavioral theories. These describe ways in which people learn and grow, and should be utilized by Christian educators. While specific theories of learning do not translate directly into principles of teaching, they provide maps and compasses to aid the inexperienced teacher-traveler in charting the course to learning success† (Anthony 101). Educating is more than expressing subject matter and demonstrating the knowledge of the teacher; it is facilitating the convergence of the needs of the learner, as well as subject substance. These two aspects fall into three fundamental areas of life: what we think (meaningful understanding), what we value (personal convictions), and what we do (skilled behavior).There needs to be from any learner/student a deeper understanding, the development of appropriate values, and the sharpening of skills (101). The first primary area of life, what we think, involves the cognitive theory of learning. These focus on the internal m ental processes people use in their effort to make sense of the world. Cognitive theorists view learning as a reorganization of perceptions. Michael Anthony describes perception as â€Å"the meaning we attach to information we receive from the world around us. Perceptual reorganization allows learners to develop a clear understanding of the subject† (104).Jean Piaget is one advocate and leading thinker in this area, and describes the process through the use of terms, such as organization (the natural tendency to make sense of experiences by incorporating them into logically related cognitive structures), schemes (the cognitive structures produced as a result of this development process), equilibration (the natural tendency to maintain a balance between what one already knows and what one experiences in the world), and adaptation (the natural process of adjusting our thinking or environment so that balance exists between what we know and what we experience).Assimilation and ac commodation are two parts of adaptation; assimilation interprets experiences so they fit what we already know, and accommodation adjusts schemes so they fit what we experience (105). Another advocate in cognitive learning theory is Jerome Bruner, and â€Å"he believes the goal of teaching is to promote the general understanding of a subject and that the facts and relationships children discover through their own explorations are more usable and tend to be better retained than material they have merely committed to memory† (Anthony 105).In his research, he proposed that this discovery type of learning increases and creates improved problem-solving skills and a higher degree of confidence in the capability to learn as they â€Å"learn how to learn. † He proposed the structuring of subjects, allowing them to be arranged in a way to aid in student’s learning; this structure is facilitated by the three components of presentation, economy, and power. Discovery learnin g highlights student’s activity, initiative, and solutions. Later, Bruner’s theory was adjusted to include more teacher intervention and direction, called directed discovery.The second learning style incorporates what we value, and is called the humanistic theory. â€Å"Educational humanism, or affective education, emphasizes the affective domain of learning: receiving (personal openness), responding (personal response), valuing (personal conviction), organizing (personal value system), and characterizing (personal lifestyle)† (Anthony 107). In this theory, true human learning involves attitudes, emotions, and values, stressing the uniqueness of each learner. Three leading psychologists who influenced humanistic methods of education are Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Arthur Combs.Maslow focused his efforts on those who were mentally healthy (self-actualized), and believed that children make wise choices for their own learning when given the opportunity; teache rs assemble meaningful learning conditions, and students select from those they find personally valuable. Rogers created person-centered methods in his counseling as a psychotherapist, which revolves around the client, standing against directive therapy, which revolves around the counselor. â€Å"He focused more on phenomenology (the world as it is perceived by individuals) than reality (the world as it may actually be).In his view, teachers should trust students to do their work to the best of their ability and provide opportunities for learning† (Anthony 107). According to Rogers, students will then take responsibility for their own learning. Combs, in his specific beliefs on humanistic learning theory, accentuated and advocated that teachers should serve as catalysts for learning, facilitating the experience for students. His research is similar to Bruner’s, but Combs placed more emphasis on sharing personal views and less on objective problem solving. For Combs, me aning is not inherent in the subject matter; it is the individual who instills subject matter with its meaning. His dilemma was not how to present subject matter but how to help students derive personal meaning† (Anthony 107). All three of these specific theorists, Bruner, Rogers, and Combs, explored and researched certain ideals that encompass, in the broader view, humanistic principles of learning. The third and final fundamental area of life, what we do, involves the behavioral theory of learning. Ivan Pavlov (Classical Conditioning), E. L.Thorndike (Connectionism), and B. F. Skinner (Operant Conditioning) are three of the most prominent theorists of behavioral learning. Pavlov is the founder of classical conditioning, discovering through experimenting with dogs a connection between food, the stimulus, and salivation, the response; this connection is called a stimulus-response bond. â€Å"This link provided the foundation for behavior modification – behavior shaping as well as brainwashing . . . classical conditioning in classrooms focuses on involuntary behaviors that are outside conscious control† (Anthony 102).Thorndike, the second theorist, is known as the father of educational psychology. He demonstrated the mechanism by which new responses are formed, whereas the work of Pavlov emphasized only simple reflex actions; Thorndike showed that stimuli occurring after a behavior had an influence on future behaviors. He postulated three laws of learning: The Law of Readiness (stating that learning proceeds best when learners are prepared to respond), The Law of Exercise (stating that repetition strengthens the timulus-response bonds), and The Law of Effect (stating that any response followed by pleasure or reward is strengthened, whereas any response followed by pain is weakened). Skinner created the Operant Conditioning theory of behavioral learning, and it was an expansion of Thorndike’s Law of Effect. â€Å"In classical conditio ning, responses are involuntary and elicited by specific stimuli. Operant conditioning emphasizes the acquisition of new behaviors as organisms operate on their environment in order to reach goals. The responses are voluntary and emitted by people or animals† (Anthony 103).Skinner used pigeons in his research, placing them in observation cages; when they behaved desirably, he reinforced that behavior with food, and was able to teach them through providing reinforcing stimuli for the desirable behavior. This educational application is seen best in programmed instruction. Learning programs begin with a desired competency, and then breaks this competency into small steps of learning. â€Å"Programmed instruction maximizes learner reinforcement (reward) and also the amount of interaction between learner and information† (Anthony 103).These systems are used today, found in textbooks as well as some forms of Christian school curriculum (the Accelerated Christian Education). P avlov, Thorndike, and Skinner all used behavioral theories of learning, expounding on certain principles and ideas that are useful in teaching for educators. In terms of my own leading and teaching of Christian education, my focus will be through the use of Christ-centered music as I direct the worship and praise team for my church congregation; I will also teach and lead a more specific group of people, adults, in small group meetings.For the contemporary service, Sunday mornings at my church will begin and end in worship, with the people singing and praising God. There will be more modern and upbeat Christian music, with a live band that I intend to lead, and this genre of music is tailored toward the younger generations who attend this service; there will still be the formal church service, where hymns are sung, creating a more somber atmosphere for the elder generation who grew up and are accustomed with this type of music.I believe through the use of songs that are more recogni zable to the individuals, such as singing the music that many of the attendees (youth, teenagers, and young adults) love to sing with and listen to on Christian radio stations, they (the students, in this setting) will be inspired and feel the calling to lift their voices and hearts to the Lord in praise of His Glory. This is something our Heavenly Father has asked us to do, and pleases Him as a part of ministry. In 1 Chronicles 25, this entire chapter is devoted to listing â€Å"The Singers†, and was called a service. All these men were under the supervision of their fathers for the music of the temple of the Lord, with cymbals, lyres, and harps, for the ministry at the house of God† (1 Chr. 25. 6). As many of the verses of these songs come directly from scripture in the Bible, they will be singing out His words and the teachings from the Master Teacher, Jesus Christ; for people who don’t recognize the songs, the musicality and melodies themselves being current and upbeat will allow them to have a more enjoyable experience, while praising God through worship, as well as learning the powerful words.Music is something most everyone cares for, to varying degrees, and has the ability to evoke strong emotions and feelings. By leading this band, I will also be able to teach the members who are involved in this service to the church and its congregation, incorporating their ideas and musical talents into the worship each week. When I think upon social science’s influence concerning different learning theories for teaching, such as cognitive, humanistic, and behavioral learning as mentioned previously, I seem to be drawn more toward the humanistic view of how people learn.John Dewey is considered the father of progressive education, though the foundation had been laid for a new approach toward the teacher-learner process prior to him by people like Luther, Melanchthon, and Sturn, all of whom had advocated the importance placed upon students to have a firm understanding regarding education. Humanistic theories of learning are more personal, accenting the significance and role of feelings and emotions, which I find imperative for both the teacher and student in learning and teaching. Arthur Combs was one of the most prominent promoters of this theory. Effective facilitators, according to Combs, are well-informed, sensitive, believe in their students’ abilities to learn, have a positive self-concept, and use many methods to engage students in the learning process† (Anthony 107). The tendency is a desire to create an environment for learning that is free from fear, punishment, harsh discipline, and manipulative methods. In my opinion, these are all concepts that Jesus Himself used in his own teachings, and I will use this technique in my own teachings, and in leading worship for my church.I will also teach individuals attending small group meetings each week, leading them with the use of, and emphasis on, God ’s word. This will include a more particular set of people, as these meetings will be for young adults; the ages will range anywhere from 18 to 40’s, though most will be in their 20’s and 30’s, as there are small group meetings already created specifically for both the much younger adults, as well as for the older ones. However, anyone over the age of 18 will be welcomed.These meetings will be a much smaller target area in my teaching and leading, unlike worship, which includes the entire congregation – children, teens, young adults, as well as older adults who might choose to attend the contemporary service. This smaller setting will allow for individuals to be able to participate in discussions more easily than if it were a larger group; it will permit for one-on-one talks between myself and them (the students), as well as fellowship among themselves.Also, biblical material will be used, such as videos pertaining to themes that will be set up (la sting anywhere between four and eight weeks each); by utilizing courses created by other pastors and teachers, there will be the added benefit of learning important issues and studies through others, and I will lead the group in any discussion questions that arise. At these meetings, we will begin by â€Å"breaking bread† through eating together. Each individual will contribute, if able, to the meal every week; this will allow for great fellowship and people becoming more familiar and friendly with one another.As this will help to make everyone more comfortable prior to the lesson, I believe this will aid in the students being more open, feeling an acceptance from the group and encouraging them to ask questions and become involved in the studies. In the Gospel of Luke, The Last Supper is described, with Jesus speaking to his apostles. â€Å"And he took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, ‘This is my body given for you; do this in remembrance o f me. ’ In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, ‘This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you. † (Luke 22. 19-20). In the same way that Jesus shared meals, especially his last meal – which we observe during church services as Communion – we will share meals together as a group. My teaching strategies for these small group meetings will be more intense than for leading worship, as there will be studies and further available learning material. With this in mind, I believe that the cognitive theory of learning will be helpful, as I intend to aid my students in thinking through issues and discussions that will be presented.As mentioned, both Jean Piaget and Jerome Bruner shaped this learning theory system, and many fundamental perspectives come from them. Piaget believed that intelligence is not something given to people, and that understanding is structured by them; Bruner also proposed subjects are to be orga nized and structured, determining the primary principles and their relation to one another. Cognitive learning was also found in Gestalt psychology, which is the view that learning takes place best when people see the relationship or pattern of one element to another. Gestalt psychology stressed the significance of relationships in the learning experience. Three early German gestalt psychologists were Ernst Mach, Max Wertheimer, and Wolfgang Kohler† (Anthony 104). Ernest Mach held that human learning was determined by interaction between the world and our perception of it, not by mechanical bonds, like behaviorist John Watson believed. Max Wertheimer proposed that focusing on the smallest parts of learning was pointless, instead embracing that the whole gave meaning to the individual parts.Wolfgang Kohler, through his experiments with chimpanzees, demonstrated learning by insight, while behaviorist E. L. Thorndike had emphasized trial and error learning instead. â€Å"These d ifferences underscore the vast divide between behavioral and cognitive learning theories† (Anthony 104). Through reading about the various learning theories, I have found that, in my opinion, there is truth and insight to be gained from each; the cognitive, humanistic, and behavioral theorists’ opinions, research, and viewpoints all have the ability to aid in teaching.I want to take into account all I have myself learned, and use it in my small group meetings. I feel there is no need to limit myself to one specific theory or belief, but to acknowledge the various ideas that have been put forward by these prominent thinkers, and use them in my own teaching; people are different, and therefore learn in different ways, so having a firm grasp of these techniques is an asset in leading.While I intend to use the social sciences and psychological theories of learning in my teaching, I know that the ultimate teacher is Jesus Christ. He taught us to love one another, give forgiv eness to our enemies, to teach through gentleness and understanding, as well as giving us the Fruits of the Spirit; â€Å"But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control† (Gal. 5. 22-23).I want to be led by the Holy Spirit, walking the path that God has set for me, and allowing Him to work through me as I teach His word and promises to others. I will continue in my prayers, striving everyday for a closer relationship with Jesus, and ask Him to give me the wisdom to teach and lead; as I dig deeper into the Bible, I myself will increase in spiritual maturity. There must be attentiveness to this indispensable and crucial theological keystone of the faith for my Christian education program to be successful.In conclusion, my philosophy toward a Christian education through the medium of leading worship with Christ-centered music for my church congregation, as well as in teaching small group meetings for adult s, has been discussed throughout this paper. By creating my purposes and goals for students in these areas of teaching and leading, and by having a solid foundation in biblical principles, I address how I want my students to perceive, accept, and fulfill the gospel; that is, to think, to feel, and to do.These teaching and learning strategies encourage students to think (cognitive theory) about God, His word, and the promises He made to His children, to feel (humanistic theory) His presence in their lives and be on fire for the Lord, and to fulfill (behavioral theory) the Great Commission through going out into the community and spreading the good word, The Holy Bible, as well as developing a closer relationship with Jesus and allowing the Holy Spirit to guide them in their life decisions.These goals use the multiple social sciences’ theories on learning, and how people grow in their Christian faith; my beliefs and opinions on how to lead and teach in Christian education are a lso expressed, as I state the need to incorporate all information available to educators for the best outcome in teaching students.The most important aspect is to have a Christ-centered learning experience, utilizing biblical material and God’s word; this will have the most impact, as the Lord will lead me in leading and teaching others. Works Cited Anthony, Michael J. Introducing Christian Education: Foundations for the Twenty-first Century. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2001. Print. The Holy Bible. Intl. Bible Society. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984. Print. New Intl. Vers. Philosophy of Christian Education My Philosophy of Christian Education Isaiah 54:13 â€Å"all your children shall be taught by the LORD, and great shall be the peace of your children. † Introduction: Upon examination of Jesus’ life and ministry here on earth, I find it to be very fascinating that He successfully engaged in a plethora of professional fields; including that of teaching. In fact, He holds the title of Master Teacher. He was indeed a highly sought after teacher whose passionate and holistic approach to the vocation of education is the basis of my philosophy of Christian Education.The Ohio Department of Education, Center for the Teaching Profession describes the Master Teacher as one who, respects students’ diversity, is knowledgeable in the content area, practices effective assessment, effects plans, communicates with all stake holders, promotes a learner friendly environment and assumes responsibility for his/her professional growth and development. Christ the master teacher exhibit ed all these qualities and as a Christian Educator we all should too. It is on this foundation that I will seek to base my philosophy of Christian Education.According to Guillemin and Beck (1998), a Christian philosophy of education is, â€Å"one that is determined by scriptures and bordered by the parameters, educational purpose, educational provider, the learner, curriculum or content and teaching,† giving rise to four specific tenets. These four tenets to the Christian Education process consist of; the learner, the teacher, the curriculum and the teaching process. Therefore in formulating my Philosophy of Christian Education, I will use scriptural references to support the four aforementioned tenets of the Christian Education process. The Body The LearnerThe Learner in the Christian Education process may either be a child in the home, a student in the formal classroom setting, or an adult member of a congregation. Sociologists have described the family as the first agent o f socialization and therefore parents are the first educators. God has given parents the mandate to, â€Å"Train up the child in the way he should go and when he is old he will not depart from it,† (Proverbs 22:6) also in Deuteronomy 6: 6-7 the Lord gave clear directions regarding the commandments; â€Å"These commandments given today are to be upon your hearts. Impress them upon your children.Talk about them when you sit at home and when you walk along the road. When you lie down and when you get up. †(NIV) The word parents can be extended to include other persons in the society who are responsible for guiding and facilitating learning. This includes teachers and so we too have this mandate in relation to the child in the formal classroom. The Christian teacher even more so, as we must not only facilitate the contents of the secular curriculum but also be able to integrate Biblical principles effectively so children can come to realize their purpose in God’s wo nderful plan.In college I was taught to do everything to avoid teaching ‘Christ’ in the classroom. This was frowned upon as being indoctrination and so, in the schools I have worked before, all that is done to fulfill the mandate is devotional exercise and even then, children are not mandated to attend. Some of these children demonstrated total lack of respect for persons in authority, lying, stealing, cheating among other despicable acts and when there is no intervention some ended up being juvenile delinquents. It was never intended by God for children to behave, nor end up in such a manner.After all, Jesus said, â€Å"Suffer the little children to come unto me: forbid them not, for of such is the kingdom of heaven. † (Matthew 19: 14). Teaching about Christ definitely should be the job of all teachers. It is for each learner too, to study to show himself approved to God. (2 Timothy 2:15). As leaders we are commanded by God to feed his sheep. (John 21:17). The G reat Commission is found in Mathew 28:19, Jesus gave His disciples direct instructions to go and teach all nations, make disciples, teach them to obey all the commandments that were given unto them.Therefore due to the reciprocal nature of the teaching learning process, I am of the view that both learners and teachers do have a very critical and equally important role to play, to guarantee success and the fulfillment of God’s plan. The Teacher Consequently, the teacher is accountable to God for the quality service that is offered to those in his/her care. In James 3:1, 2 it is stated, â€Å"Not many of you should presume to be teachers, my brothers, because we know that we who teach will be judged more strictly†¦. As teachers of Christian education we should seek to emulate Christ as we facilitate learning. He is the Master Teacher who exhibited consistent leadership. Jesus sought to his listeners’ wellbeing showing how much He cared; for example in the feeding o f the multitude. (Mathew 4:13-21). Jesus as teacher also aided his students in their decision making process. In Proverbs 11: 14, He clearly establishes the importance of guided decision making. â€Å"Where there is no guidance, a people falls, but in an abundance of counselors there is safety. He also in His many uses of parables made his teachings very applicable to real life situations, therefore understandable. He was a very innovative teacher who sought to influence, transform and empower people. His infinite knowledge made Him experienced in teaching. As Christian educators we too must have some experience of the power of the Holy Spirit in order to be able to communicate fully, to the learners, the importance of, and the difference having Jesus Christ in their lives can make. Therefore it is my conviction that, Christian Education is best taught by Christian Educators.Paul in first Corinthians one lived as a teacher in Christ and therefore was able to tell his charges, †Å"Be ye followers of me, even as I am also of Christ. † Therefore we should model Christ’s teachings as well as teaching them. Dr. Paul Cates, in his article entitled Transforming Teachers- Christian Philosophy of Education, postulated that, â€Å"The teacher is the communicator of truth, he must therefore be openly and boldly a Christian. † Teachers must be aware that teaching is a call to ministry. Teaching is one of the foremost gifts of the Holy Spirit. 1 Corinthians 12:28.It is to be used for the edification of the church or, in this case the learner. The Curriculum Additionally, it is my belief that the Bible forms the very core of the Christian Education curriculum. Guillemin and Beck (1998) argue that; â€Å"the content or curriculum of Christian Education is simply truth. Unless we know God we cannot know anything correctly. God is best understood through the revelation of Himself in scripture. Christian Education which is truly genuine begins, proceeds and ends with the concept of divine revelation. All other truths must be scrutinized by it. Author, Craig Rose uses the passage of scripture found in 1 Colossians 17 â€Å"In Him all things consists† as the premise on which his book titled â€Å"All Things Consists in Him: Teaching Christianity Using Biblical Integration† is based. Rose purports that; â€Å"we as Christian educators, should not relax within our safe environments, but should be diligent to utilize the opportunities provided to train up Spirit-filled students who know how God can use them in each of their respective fields of study-from athletics to acting, from law to literature and from math to ministry.Each field of study needs Christians who really believe they are to be identified with Christ first and their profession second-such as a Christian engineer, a Christian football player, and a Christian playwright. † This is similar to how we are recognized by both our first and last names. This will entrench in their minds and in the minds of their peers and colleagues that they are different, set aside, being built as a spiritual house, a holy priesthood, to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable, to God through Jesus Christ. (I Peter 2:5). He further argues that the Bible is both the foundation upon which ideas are presented and the filter through which they are explored. For every topic in every subject a principle from the Bible can be had. It therefore stands to reason to say God supports the knowledge that we pass on to our charges. In Social Studies for example; there are principles to support every strand, and every topic within each strand. In the History strand we see where God wants us to develop a positive attitude towards historical events.We must learn about and pass on knowledge of these. Deuteronomy 31:19, 21, 22 shows God instructing Moses to, â€Å"write down this song for yourselves, and teach it to the children of Israel; put it in their mouths, that t his song may be a witness for me against the children of Israel. † There’s no doubt that God believes in the teaching of History, after all He was the one who inspired men to write the Bible which is to date, the greatest History book ever written.Similarly there are scriptures to support the other strands of Social Studies; geographical principle proves that God is responsible for the contours of the earth†¦Job 26:10, â€Å"He drew a circular horizon on the face of the waters, at the boundary of light and darkness. † For economics in dealing with money and possessions He reminded us in James 1:17, â€Å"Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and comes down from the father of lights†¦. † For the strand Government, we see where nations, governments and authorities were created by God and maintained by Him for His ultimate purposes.Job 12:23, â€Å"He increases the nations, and destroys them: He enlarges them and then straightens th em again†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In Language Arts there are Biblical principles and scriptures to also support each strand namely, Reading, writing, listening and speaking. God spoke the world into being and that is a miraculous use of language. The Bible totally supports the curriculum within the school and therefore it is for us as Christian educators to infuse our lessons with these principles thereby facilitating the plan of God that young men and women will come to serve Him in their youth. The Teaching ProcessGuillemin and Beck (1998), identified three principles in the teaching process. â€Å"Firstly, the objective content of truth directs us to the objective methods of teaching. Secondly, the fact those students are persons, demands personal approaches to teaching. Thirdly, the purpose of conforming to Christ’s image focuses the process of teaching on evaluation† As educators we are challenged to present objectivity in a relatively subjective world. While we train studen ts to reason and confront their biases, it is also important that they are made to understand that there is objective truth to be learned.Deuteronomy 6:25 provides a Biblical response to the question of subjectivity. In his book â€Å"Reclaiming the Future of Christian Education,† Greene (2003) declares, â€Å"Knowing God in and through the creation is what is important, and students must be helped to explore the creation along the lines of their own gifts. † Greene stresses, that it is important to reawaken to the biblical view of life and reality, we dare not fail to train our children, whether in Christian schools or in Christian home schools, in a transformed, biblical consciousness. † In other words, we must return to a biblical worldview.I firmly believe that it is imperative for Christian educators to model the desired behavior of the student in his/her care. Teachers must first live transformed lives if they desire to positively impact young lives. It is important for them not to send mixed signals to the students, as this will only contribute to chaos and confusion. And will negatively impact the teaching/ learning process. According to Dr. Cates, The Bible being the foundation of the school reveals the threefold features of Christian Education as, a purpose, method and result. The purpose is to put the believer into right relationship with God, man, self and his surroundings. † The method is the spirit’s support with the adoption of Biblical truth to the believer’s life resulting in a mature believer who is able to live a life in accordance with the teaching of God’s word. He postulates that; â€Å"Christian education is a process of guided learning where the teacher and the Holy Spirit combine efforts to help the learner, to spiritually grow and mature, to more and more conform to the image of Christ. † ConclusionIn conclusion, I wish to reiterate that a philosophy of Christian education must be based on a revelation of God through His word, His creation and His Son Jesus Christ. It includes the learner, the teacher, the curriculum and the teaching process. I deem it pertinent to also superimpose the Master teacher characteristics of Jesus; to be patterned by today’s Christian Educators. As we continue to impact lives and facilitate transformation, growth and development. It is of paramount importance to practice consistent leadership, focused in collaboration and a distinguished teaching.Finally it is important to always remember that we touch the future because we teach. Therefore, â€Å"all our children shall be taught by the LORD,† Through us, â€Å"and great shall be the peace of our children. † References Edlin, R. (2003). Core beliefs and values of a Christian philosophy of education. In J. Braley. , J. Layman. , & R. White. (Eds. ), Foundations of Christian school education (pp. 69-81). Colorado Springs, Colorado: Purposeful Design Publications. Greene, E. (2003). Reclaiming the future of Christian education.Colorado Springs, Colorado: Purposeful Design Publications. Guillermin, P. , & Beck, D. (1998). Christian philosophy of education. In P. Kienel. , O. Gibbs. & S. Berry. (Eds. ), Philosophy of Christian school education (pp. 105-129). Colorado Springs, Colorado: Association of Christian Schools International. Rose, Craig D. ( nd. ). In Him All Things Consist, Teaching Christianly using Biblical Integration Websites http://www. aiias. edu/ict/vol_21/21cc_377-394. htm http://www. transformingteachers. org/index. php? option=com_content&task=view&id=37